CMSI Translations #38: Furious Seas, Raging Waves: The PLA’s Development of Sea-to-Shore Strike Capabilities

China Maritime Studies Institute – At present, driven by anxiety and panic over China’s rising power and a desire to contain its peaceful development, U.S. political circles frequently provoke China on core interests related to Taiwan. They have even schemed to exploit “Taiwan Independence” elements to cross a red line regarding forced reunification. Such plots aim to “Ukrainize” Taiwan and drive the island to ruin, thereby raising the cost of reunification for China in order to weaken the country’s national strength and curb its development. Meanwhile, in recent months, “Taiwan Independence” forces on the island, emboldened by the backing of external powers, have acted with increasing brazenness. In response to the repeated actions by U.S. and Taiwan authorities that challenge the bottom line of peace, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army must intensify preparations for military conflict so that, when necessary, it can force a crossing of the Taiwan Strait, launch large-scale amphibious landing operations, completely eliminate the “Taiwan Independence” forces, and achieve the complete reunification of the country.

Three Royal Navy Vanguard-class submarines at sea does not signal change in nuclear posture

Navy Lookout – Three of the Royal Navy’s four Vanguard-class ballistic missile submarines are currently at sea, an unusual concentration of boats that has prompted speculation about a change in Britain’s nuclear posture. The available evidence instead points towards routine operational activity and, more positively, improving submarine availability after several years in which maintaining the deterrent has placed exceptional demands on boats and crews.

Canada modifies River-class Destroyer combat system design to focus on Aegis and MOTS solutions

Naval News – Canada’s new River Class Destroyer (RCD) has continued to evolve its weapon and sensor fit. Updated CGI released in May, corroborated by a physical scale model showcased earlier this year by the Royal Canadian Navy, revealed further changes to the combat system solution embodied in the design.

Second Chinese Uncrewed Submarine Mothership

Covert Shores – Unique naval technologies require unique support vessels. China’s unparalleled uncrewed submarines (XXLUUVs – extra-extra large uncrewed underwater vehicles) now have two special motherships. These vessels feature a unique submarine lift system in the stern which is lowered directly down through a gap in the ships bottom. The second mothership was launched in Guangzhou earlier this month.

Royal Navy to trial its first Large Uncrewed Surface Vessel next year

Navy Lookout – The MoD is close to placing a contract for a large uncrewed surface vessel (LUSV) that will be in the water next year as an early test of the RN’s Hybrid Navy concept. The demonstrator is the first hardware step towards replacing the Type 45 destroyers, which senior officers say they have no wish to keep beyond their planned retirement from 2035.

Royal Navy frigate crisis is even worse than Commons Defence Committee report suggests

Navy Lookout – The House of Commons Defence Committee has published its report on Defence in the High North. It concludes that RN strength falls far short of the government’s declared targets, particularly in frigates and attack submarines. The fleet available in 2030 may even be smaller than the report projects, and the Hybrid Navy concept will not be sufficiently developed in time to offset this collapse.

China Maritime Report #59: Be Focused, Be Humble, Be Happy: Career Progression, Organization, and Training of PLAN Submariners

China Maritime Studies Institute – Led by the political commissar with the commanding officer serving as deputy, party committees are responsible for major decision-making, maintaining party control, training, and general leadership aboard People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) submarines. While Chinese sources extoll this collective leadership model, it is unclear how this command structure influences decision-making efficacy in practice.

How The U.S. Army’s ‘Navy’ Aims To Go More Autonomous With Its Vessels In The Pacific

The War Zone – he U.S. Army wants to infuse new autonomous capabilities into its current and future fleets of amphibious landing ships and other watercraft. The service is also aiming to acquire up to 100 new purpose-built uncrewed surface vessels (USV). The maritime assets the service has now, often referred to as ‘the Army’s Navy,’ are obscure and generally underappreciated. However, the small force offers an important additional set of naval logistics capabilities, especially for any future fight in the Pacific, which could be further bolstered with optionally-crewed or entirely uncrewed platforms.

Royal Navy could acquire up to six Norwegian-built motherships

Navy Lookout – Norway has revealed plans to build up to six new vessels for the UK, potentially going beyond the three minehunting motherships currently announced for the RN. This raises questions about whether the additional ships could support other elements of the emerging Hybrid Navy, including Atlantic Bastion and seabed surveillance operations.