Review of Polar War: Submarines, Spies and the Struggle For Power in a Melting Arctic

CIMSEC – The countdown ticks forward, each second marching the Arctic ice closer to its liquid form. Some see opportunity in what will be left behind: new sea lanes, access to resources, and expanded commercial activity. Others see danger in a region where governance structures and territorial claims are outpaced by national ambitions. Is the United States prepared for the risks of a rapidly changing Arctic? 

Author Kenneth R. Rosen confronts this question through more than two years of investigative reporting with military units, scientific stations, and remote communities in Polar War: Submarines, Spies, and the Struggle for Power in a Melting Arctic. Rosen argues that the United States has fallen behind evolving threats along its northern flank, hampered by decades of inadequate investments.

CMSI Translations #36: The First Joint Underwater Patrol: Starting with the China-Russia “Joint Sea-2025” Exercise

China Maritime Studies Institute – In August of this year (2025), deep within the waters of the Northwestern Pacific, an underwater patrol was reshaping the strategic landscape of the Asia-Pacific. The Russian submarine Volkhov and the Chinese Navy’s submarine Changcheng 210 came together in a joint formation for the first time, traversing the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea to complete a joint underwater patrol spanning more than 2,000 nautical miles.

Spanish Navy Names Navantia-Built Submarine Rescue Vessel Poseidón

Ocean News – Designed as the successor to the Navy’s rescue and salvage vessel NeptunoPoseidón will become the service’s primary platform for underwater operations. The program was launched in response to the operational requirements associated with the S-80 submarine fleet, ensuring dedicated support and rescue capabilities for submarine crews throughout their operational life.

(Thanks to Alain)

Why Eurasia, Not the Indo-Pacific, Matters Most in Next Phase of Taiwan Deterrence

War on the Rocks – Washington is preparing for the right war, but in the wrong theater. For years, U.S. strategic thinking has centered on the Indo‑Pacific: the militarized atolls of the South China Sea, China’s churning naval shipyards, and the tense waters of the Taiwan Strait. Yet the next phase of competition will likely play out on the Eurasian landmass, contested through pipelines, swing states, and shifting alignments along routes that overlap with the ancient Silk Road. This is where China is building alternative trade and energy corridors beyond the immediate reach of U.S. military power.

Royal Navy patrol ships mark five years deployed in the Indo-Pacific region

Navy Lookout – HMS Spey and HMS Tamar have completed five years continuously deployed to the Indo-Pacific, establishing the RN’s first persistent presence in the region since the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. Between them, the two Batch II OPVs have now travelled almost 593,000km (320,000nm), undertaking a mixture of maritime security, defence engagement and diplomatic tasks.

China’s Warrior Scientists: Insights from Recent Operations Around Taiwan

War on the Rocks – All states should come to terms with the fact that China’s survey operations east of Taiwan are either a prelude to war or to the slow strangulation of Taiwan’s separate status. China’s fleet of civilian vessels is, in essence, military assets at Beijing’s beck and call, and China increasingly uses its civilian fleet for military purposes, such as containerized missiles and amphibious lift. All states with an interest in peace and stability in East Asia have an interest in deterring China from using its research vessels to engage in military activities such as underwater sabotage, installing or employing fixed undersea sensors, or perhaps prepositioning sea mines. In fact, this applies globally. Beyond East Asia, China’s fleet of research vessels enables Beijing to conduct activities supporting military operations and political objectives anywhere in the world. Unless states recognize and respond to the political, legal, and military impact of their operations, Taiwan’s challenge today may be another country’s tomorrow.

Implications of the Hangor-class for Pakistan’s operational naval posture and strategic sovereignty

Naval News – This Naval News outline examines the importance of the Hangor-class submarines acquisition for the operational priorities of the Pakistan Navy, the industrial perspective for Islamabad and Beijing. The feature also looks at implications for Pakistani strategic sovereignty evolving because of acquisitions of Chinese materiel.

The Surface Navy in an AI World: Rethinking the FFX

CIMSEC – Instead of going back to the drawing board to pack more high-end warfighting capability into an ever-smaller package, rethinking what a frigate contributes to the human-machine team allows us to see a small surface combatant in a new light. Instead of a platform for employing weapons, it provides a ringside seat for the humans to influence events, especially when mindful, eyes-on, hands-on actions are needed for success. It is a way to use the science of war to empower the art of war. It is a way to demonstrate that the United States is willing to risk involvement in a sticky situation and engage opponents in a meaningful way. The LUSVs, MUSVs, or XLUUVs that could serve as the primary weapons systems for the FFX will help its crew give as good as they get until the Joint Force Arrives. Even in the age of sail, no one could realistically expect a small surface combatant to do more than that.