Pakistan’s Maritime Domain Awareness Initiatives in the Indian Ocean​

Center for Maritime Strategy – In an era of growing maritime challenges, no country can afford to ignore its own maritime security. For Pakistan—a country with an approximately 1,050-kilometer coastline along the Arabian Sea—this fact has inspired multiple lines of effort to protect the country’s maritime interests. Islamabad has a history of supporting order at sea, is recognized as a key upholder of international maritime law, and has undertaken various initiatives to enhance Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). Viewed holistically, Pakistan’s MDA approach demonstrates that well-founded institutions can provide effective MDA with an economical expenditure of resources.  

China Maritime Report No. 39: A Hundred Men Wielding One Gun – Life, Duty, and Cultural Practices Aboard PLAN Submarines

China Maritime Studies Institute – Submarine performance is not just measured in technical terms, but also in how crews operate over time. As the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) increasingly deploys its submarine force beyond the near seas on long-distance combat readiness and training missions, studying the force’s human components benefits a broader understanding its overall effectiveness. This report explores work and living conditions, crew endurance, service culture, political requirements, and approaches to resolving human issues in the submarine force. An inherently dangerous and challenging profession, the submarine force has gradually developed numerous solutions to address various challenges to prevent non-combat attrition among crews. Life and duty in the “Dragon Palace,” both an internal joke and the overarching embodiment of PLAN submarine culture, reveals a professional community focused on secrecy, safety, and expertise that is working to enhance its human performance.

Portuguese Diesel-Electric AIP Submarine Just Patrolled Under The Arctic Ice

The War Zone – A conventionally powered Portuguese attack submarine has completed a rare voyage under the Arctic ice. As well as being a first-of-its-kind mission for the Portuguese Navy, the deployment underlines the growing importance of the Arctic theater to NATO’s submarine fleet. Although it’s nuclear-powered boats that traditionally dominate in this challenging area of operations, the Portuguese deployment demonstrates that conventionally powered submarines have a role to play here too.

Transitioning Away From the Carrier Strike Group and Toward Distributed Maritime Operations

CIMSEC – The intent of DMO should not be to render the CSG irrelevant, but rather to ensure that the CSG is not relied upon as the sole vanguard of sea control in the initial stages of a high-end conflict against a peer competitor. DMO must delay and degrade the decision-making of adversaries while denying them the opportunity to engage first. It is about establishing and maintaining temporary sea control for operational needs and sea denial all other times. The transition away from using the air wing to prosecute sea control means fully embracing the true manifestation of DMO – lethal, distributed surface ships that can combine long-range fires across broad geographic spaces.

Russia Launches Second Gremyashchy-Class Corvette

Naval News – The Provornyy is the second Project 20385 (Gremyashchy-class) corvette, which is an upgraded version of the Project 20380 Steregushchiy-class. The keel of the ship was laid on July 27, 2013. Construction progressed slowly from the beginning, in part due to Western sanctions imposed due to the Russian Federation’s annexation of Ukrainian Crimea in 2014.

The United States Should ‘Operation Paul Bunyan’ the Second Thomas Shoal​

Center for Maritime Strategy – Washington should immediately partner with Manila to stage an overwhelming show of force in the waters around Second Thomas Shoal to ward off Chinese interference in efforts to resupply the Sierra Madre garrison. Doing so would send a clear message to Beijing that its smaller neighbors do not stand alone in the face of China’s maritime aggression. 

How China Could Quarantine Taiwan: Mapping Out Two Possible Scenarios

CSIS – China has significantly increased pressure on Taiwan in recent years, stoking fears that tensions could erupt into outright conflict. Much attention has been paid to the threat of an invasion, but Beijing has options besides invading to coerce, punish, or annex Taiwan. One major step China could take is a “gray zone” quarantine led not by its People’s Liberation Army (PLA) but by its coast guard and other law enforcement forces. Rather than sealing off the island, a quarantine would aim to demonstrate China’s ability to exert control over Taiwan. A quarantine is more feasible for China and more likely than an invasion or blockade in the near term; it also presents unique challenges in terms of how Taiwan and the international community can respond. This brief explores two hypothetical maritime quarantine scenarios.

Russian Spy Ships Likely Gathering Intelligence On Israel’s Newest Submarine

Naval News – Israel’s latest submarine, INS Drakon, will be on sea trials following its construction in Kiel, Germany. This is a particularly vulnerable time when she may be subject to intelligence gathering efforts by other countries. Two Russian spy ships, the Sibiryakov and the Wassili Tatischtschew, have arrived on the scene.

Homeport Strike: A Decisive Tactic in Fleet Warfare

CIMSEC – A fleet’s homeport performs vital functions that sustain naval power, including ship repair, resupply, maintenance, and training. The criticality of homeport infrastructure to naval power makes bases an attractive target. Neutralization of a homeport not only stands to neutralize the warships located at the homeport, but can significantly damage the operational longevity of fleets operating at sea.